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NPPA extends ceiling price fixation on orthopaedic implants for one more year
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Gireesh Babu, New Delhi
November 18 , 2025
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In a move that will disappoint the industry, the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) has extended the ceiling price fixation it imposed on orthopaedic knee implants for knee replacement system for one more year.
The ceiling prices were extended for two months in September, for a duration till November 15, 2025, in deviation from its earlier practice of extending the prices for a whole year, for the past several years. The drug price regulator during the time also said that the representations from manufacturers and industry associations received by the Authority are under consideration.
With this, the industry was expecting its representations for a ceiling price hike, especially regarding the changes in the foreign exchange rates, increasing costs and innovations and value additions to the product.
In a notification on November 14, 2025, the Authority said that it is extending the ceiling prices applicable to the products up to November 15, 2025, "for a further period of one year beyond the 15th November, 2025, i.e., up to the 15th November, 2026, or until further orders, whichever is earlier".
The ceiling price of orthopaedic knee implants have been fixed or revised since August 16, 2017 in public interest.
It may be noted that the notification in September, 2025 extended the ceiling price applicable in September, 2024 for two more months, i.e., up to the 15th November, 2025, unless it amended the timeline by a subsequent notification.
The notification on September 10, 2024 has capped the worked-out ceiling price of knee replacement systems ranging from primary knee replacement system with Patella as a component and manufactured with any material, at Rs. 5,443.79 per unit, to revision knee replacement system, a secondary knee replacement system with femoral component and made of any material, at Rs. 83,546.87 per unit.
As reported earlier, the manufacturers and various industry associations have been submitting representation from time to time highlighting various factors such as fluctuations in foreign exchange; increase in manpower costs, freight cost, Wholesale Price Index (WPI); supply chain problems, etc.
The Union ministry of health and family welfare through its S.O. 1468 dated October 6, 2005, notified the orthopaedic implants as ‘drugs’, and the DPCO, 2013, is applicable to all notified drugs (including notified devices). The NPPA is mandated to monitor the prices of these drugs under paragraph 20, so as to ensure availability of such drugs (i.e. notified devices) and also ensure that no unethical profiteering is happening in case of any drugs (i.e. notified devices) at the cost of patients. The non-scheduled medical devices and drugs are monitored under para 20(1) of Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 2013 and the knee implants are non-scheduled devices/drugs.
Under the Para 20(1) of the DPCO, 2013, the government shall monitor the maximum retail prices (MRP) of all the drugs, including the non-scheduled formulations and ensure that no manufacturer increases the maximum retail price of a drug more than ten percent of maximum retail price during preceding twelve months and where the increase is beyond ten percent of maximum retail price, it shall reduce the same to the level of ten percent of maximum retail price for next twelve months.
In an order on August 16, 2017, NPPA said that it has “noticed that orthopaedic- knee implants are having unjustified, unreasonable and irrational high trade margins leading to their exorbitant prices which affects the out of pocket expenses of patients and lakhs of patients are not able to pay for arthroplasty procedures because of these exorbitant prices and suffering in pain…”.
The estimates of such patients requiring arthroplasty intervention, both diagnosed and undiagnosed, is about Rs. 1.5 to 2 crore out of which only about Rs. 1 lakh plus well off patients are in a position to pay for it every year. It has also noted that osteoarthritis is likely to become the fourth leading cause of disability by year 2020, as per the WHO Bulletin, 2003 ,81,(9) and India is likely to be one of the leading countries of such immobilized citizens in terms of numbers. Preventing such a scenario is essential in individual as well as national interest, it said.
In this context, the NPPA carried out an exhaustive stakeholder’s consultation on the issue of exorbitant cost of orthopaedic knee implants and excessive trade margins and analysis of ‘trade margins’ in the market of knee implants was uploaded in public domain for the sake of transparency and in the spirit of people’s right to information.
Following this, the drug price regulator, in its Authority meeting held on August 10, 2017 which continued on August 14, 2017 after duly examining in detail, has decided that it is necessary to control the excessive trade margins for fixing ceiling price of orthopaedic knee implants which is fair and reasonable based on its intrinsic value of the implants with rational margins to protect public interest. This was after deliberating and considering all available information/data/viewpoints and all relevant options for price fixation of orthopaedic knee implants, under present extraordinary circumstances of a failed and exploitative market because of information asymmetry between the patient and healthcare delivery system, it opined.
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